Stage 4
Classification: Syntactic Change Semantic Change
Human Validated: KW
Title: Exponentiation operator
Authors: Rick Waldron
Champions: Rick Waldron
Last Presented: January 2016
Stage Upgrades:
Stage 1: NA
Stage 2: 2015-02-23
Stage 2.7: NA
Stage 3: 2015-07-29
Stage 4: 2022-01-24
Last Commit: 2022-01-24
Topics: numbers
Keywords: arithmetic
GitHub Link: https://github.com/tc39/proposal-exponentiation-operator
GitHub Note Link: https://github.com/tc39/notes/blob/HEAD/meetings/2016-01/jan-28.md#5xviii-exponentiation-operator-rw
Proposal Description:
Exponentiation Operator
Status
Stage 4
Implementation Progress
- Traceur
- Babel
- V8 (https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3915)
- SpiderMonkey (https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1135708)
Authors
- Rick Waldron
- Claude Pache
- Brendan Eich
Reviewers
- Brian Terlson
- Erik Arvidsson
- Dmitry Lomov
- Cait Potter
- Jason Orendorff
- Waldemar Horwat
Informative
- Commonly used in mathematics, physics and robotics.
- Infix notation is more succinct than function notation, which makes it more preferable
Prior Art
- Python
math.pow(x, y)x ** y
- CoffeeScript
x ** y
- F#
x ** y
- Ruby
x ** y
- Perl
x ** y
- Lua, Basic, MATLAB, etc.
x ^ y
Usage
// x ** y
let squared = 2 ** 2;
// same as: 2 * 2
let cubed = 2 ** 3;
// same as: 2 * 2 * 2
// x **= y
let a = 2;
a **= 2;
// same as: a = a * a;
let b = 3;
b **= 3;
// same as: b = b * b * b;
Render Spec
ecmarkup spec/index.html index.html